A Taxonomic Monograph of the Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of the West Indies

The bark beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of the West Indies is reviewed. Keys to the subfamilies, tribes, genera and species of the West Indies are presented. Three hundred and eighty-six species in 74 genera are included. New Genera (9): Atomothenemus, type species A. unicus Bright; Gnathoraptus, type species G. mandibularis Bright; Microsomus, type species M. atomus Bright; Minyotrypetes, type species M. primus Bright; Neocultus, type species N. thomasi Bright; Parathysanoes, type species P. absonus Bright; Pseudohexacolus, type species P. singularis Bright; Pygmaeoborus, type species P. cubensis Bright and Trypolepis, type species T. antillicum Bright. New Species (195): Phrixosomatini: Phrixosoma antillicum (Saba, St. Vincent, St. Lucia). Bothrosternini: Cnesinus amplus (Dominican Republic) and Cnesinus brevisetosus (Montserrat). Phloeotribini: Phloeotribus caymanensis (Cayman Brac). Phloeosinini: Chramesus lepidotus (Grenada); Chramesus maieri (St. Lucia); Chramesus palearis (St. Croix in U. S. Virgin Islands); Chramesus scabiosus (St. Lucia, Union Island in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Martinique, Guadeloupe); Chramesus squamosus (Montserrat); Cladoctonus minor (Guana Island in the British Virgin Islands, St. John in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Cladoctonus peckorum (Union Island in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, St. Vincent); Cladoctonus torosus (Grenada, Jamaica) and Cladoctonus tuberosus (St. Lucia, Dominica). Hypoborini: Chaetophloeus bahamaensis (Eleuthara Island in the Bahamas); Chaetophloeus longisetum (Jamaica); Chaetophloeus minutus (Puerto Rico, Grenada); Chaetophloeus montanus (Dominican Republic); Chaetophloeus woodruffi (Dominican Republic); Liparthrum caymanensis (Grand Cayman and Little Cayman in the Cayman Islands); Liparthrum turnbowi (Andros Island in the Bahamas) and Trypanophellos minutum (Navassa Island). Micracidini: Hylocurus absonus (Martinique); Hylocurus anomala (Montserrat); Hylocurus antillicus (Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia); Hylocurus torresi (Puerto Rico); Hylocurus touroulti (Martinique); Hylocurus tumidosus (Guadeloupe, Martinique); Parathysanoes absonus (Buck Island and St. Thomas in the U. S. Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Dominica); Pseudothysanoes absonus (Guadeloupe); Pseudothysanoes amoenus (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes caribbeanensis (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes cracentis (Curaçao); Pseudothysanoes granulatus (St. John and St. Croix in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Pseudothysanoes guadeloupensis (Guadeloupe); Pseudothysanoes incertissimus (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes lautus (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserrat); Pseudothysanoes leptus (Great Inagua Island in the Bahamas); Pseudothysanoes marginatus (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes masneri (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes minutissimus (Montserrat); Pseudothysanoes muricatus (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes perexiguus (Dominican Republic); Pseudothysanoes smithi (Cuba); Pseudothysanoes trunculus (Dominican Republic) and Stevewoodia atomus (Puerto Rico). Cryphalini: Allothenemus exquisitus (Dominican Republic); Atomothenemus unicus (Dominican Republic); Hypothenemus adustus (Buck and St. John Islands in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Hypothenemus bifurcatus U. S. Virgin Islands; Hypothenemus carinafrons (Cayman Islands, Curaçao, St. Vincent); Hypothenemus collinus (Montserrat, St. Lucia); Hypothenemus crinatus (St. Thomas and St. John in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Hypothenemus discordis (Dominican Republic, St. Croix in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Hypothenemus dubitalis (Guadeloupe); Hypothenemus exceptus (Bahamas, Grand Cayman, Haiti, Montserrat, Mayreau Island in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Redonda, St. John and St. Croix in the U. S. Virgin Islands and Bermuda); Hypothenemus granulatus (Curaçao); Hypothenemus ignotus (Barbados); Hypothenemus improvidus (Grenada, St. Lucia); Hypothenemus indistinctus (Jamaica); Hypothenemus inordinatus (Cayman Islands); Hypothenemus leptosquamus (Curaçao); Hypothenemus liliputianus (Guadeloupe); Hypothenemus nanoparvus (Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Croix and St.John in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Hypothenemus nesiotus (Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guana Island in the British Virgin Islands, St. Thomas in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Hypothenemus obscurifrons (Puerto Rico); Hypothenemus parasquamosus (Barbados); Hypothenemus parvulosus (Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Lucia); Hypothenemus paulus (Martinique); Hypothenemus perexiguus (Bahamas, Cuba, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Croix and St. John in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Hypothenemus ponticus (Curaçao); Hypothenemus pygmaeomorphus (Martinique); Hypothenemus rubrithorax (Saba); Hypothenemus setiferous (Montserrat); Hypothenemus solivagus (Barbados); Hypothenemus tectus (Martinique); Hypothenemus turnbowi (Bahamas); Hypothenemus ustulatus (Grenada, Martinique); Hypothenemus vernaculus (Curaçao); Hypothenemus versicolor (St. Lucia); Hypothenemus villosus (St. Eustatius); Microsomus atomus (St. Croix in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Pygmaeoborus cubensis (Cuba); Stegomerus diversus (Puerto Rico) and Trypolepis antillicum (Grenada). Hexacolini: Microborus caymanensis (Cayman Islands); Microborus iviei (Dominica. Montserrat, Saba); Microborus rawlinsi (Dominican Republic); Pseudohexacolus singularis (Guadeloupe); Scolytodes anthracinus (Puerto Rico); Scolytodes aquilus (St. Vincent); Scolytodes aridus (Puerto Rico); Scolytodes atomus (Guadeloupe, Martinique); Scolytodes bellus (Dominican Republic); Scolytodes iviei (Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts-Nevis); Scolytodes longisetum (Mona Island); Scolytodes obtusiceps (Dominica); Scolytodes peckorum (Grenada, St. Vincent); Scolytodes pleisopolitus (Guadeloupe); Scolytodes politus (St. Vincent); Scolytodes sabaensis (Saba); Scolytodes steineri (Grand Cayman) and Scolytodes torresi (Cuba). Dryocoetini: Coccotrypes incertus (Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe); Coccotrypes precarius (Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico); Dendrocranulus ambiguus (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Dendrocranulus barbatulus (Grenada); Dendrocranulus caymanensis (Cayman Islands); Dendrocranulus convexus (Jamaica); Dendrocranulus fulgens (Martinique, Montserrat); Dendrocranulus hispaniolus vii (Haiti); Minyotrypetes primus (Curaçao) and Neocultus thomasi (Curaçao). Xyleborini: Ambrosiodmus infidelis (Dominican Republic); Euwallacea fulgidus (Dominica); Euwallacea innovatus (St. Lucia); Xyleborinus echinatus (St. Lucia); Xyleborus advena (Puerto Rico); Xyleborus anthracinus (Cuba); Xyleborus disjunctus (Puerto Rico) and Xylosandrus cubensis (Cuba). Pityophthorini: Araptus adustus (Jamaica); Araptus beckeri (Jamaica); Araptus bituberculatus (Puerto Rico); Araptus caperatus (Cuba); Araptus ciseruditus (Dominican Republic); Araptus culmenifrons (Cayman Islands); Araptus ferrugineus (Guadeloupe); Araptus fuscus (Dominican Republic); Araptus grenadaensis (Grenada); Araptus howdeni (Jamaica); Araptus incolus (Grenada); Araptus ineditus (Dominica, Dominican Republic, Montserrat, Puerto Rico); Araptus insulanus (Curaçao); Araptus melanurus (Grenada); Araptus nigriculus (Cuba, Dominican Republic); Araptus squamosus (Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent); Araptus turnbowi (Dominican Republic); Araptus ustulatus (Grenada); Araptus wintoni (St. Lucia); Conophthorus insulatus (Dominican Republic); Gnatholeptus concinnus (Dominican Republic); Gnatholeptus hispanicus (Dominican Republic); Gnatholeptus insularis (Martinique); Gnathoraptus mandibularis (Grenada); Pityophthorus acolus (Puerto Rico); Pityophthorus astringens (St. Lucia); Pityophthorus auspicatus (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus bigranulatus (Puerto Rico); Pityophthorus capillosus (Puerto Rico); Pityophthorus confusus sequestus (new subspecies); Pityophthorus congruus (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus convexus (Jamaica); Pityophthorus dissidens (Jamaica); Pityophthorus eccentricus (Cuba); Pityophthorus favorabilis (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Pityophthorus foleyi (St. Lucia); Pityophthorus gimmeli (St. Lucia); Pityophthorus gratus (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus grenadacolens (Grenada); Pityophthorus illuminus (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus insulatus St. Croix, St. John and St. Thomas in the U. S. Virgin Islands); Pityophthorus inusitatus (Martinique); Pityophthorus masneri (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus minutissimus (Saba in the Netherlands Antilles and St. Lucia); Pityophthorus nesocolus (Puerto Rico); Pityophthorus pauculus (Montserrat); Pityophthorus procerus (Cuba); Pityophthorus rogueti (Martinique); Pityophthorus senticosus (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus sepositus (Cayman Islands); Pityophthorus subtilus (Dominican Republic); Pityophthorus tomentosus (St. Lucia); Pityophthorus torresi (Puerto Rico); Pityophthorus vulgaris (St. Lucia); Pityophthorus youngi (Dominican Republic); Sphenoceros antillicus (Dominican Republic, Martinique, St. Lucia) and Pseudopityophthorus absitus (Dominica, Guadeloupe). Corthylini: Amphicranus hispaniolus (Dominican Republic); Amphicranus taino (Dominican Republic); Corthylus alpestris (Dominican Republic); Corthylus monticellus (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Corthylus reticulatus (St. Lucia); Corthylus versicolor (Dominican Republic); Gnathotrichus hispaniolus (Dominican Republic, Haiti); Gnathotrupes megapunctatus (Dominican Republic, Grenada, Venezuela); Microcorthylus insularis (St. Lucia); Monarthrum ambiguum (Bahamas); Monarthrum antillicum (Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat); Monarthrum bullatum (Dominican Republic); Monarthrum collinum (Dominican Republic); Monarthrum discordum (Guadeloupe); Monarthrum ferrugineum (St. Lucia); Tricolus animatus (Dominican Republic); Tricolus endemos (St. Lucia, St. Vincent) and Tricolus incomptus (Dominican Republic). New Generic Synonymy (1, synonym in parenthesis): Hypothenemus Westwood 1834 (=Trischidias Hopkins 1915). New Species Synonymy (25, synonym in parenthesis): Xyleborus hagedorni Iglesias 1914 (=Ambrosiodmus lecontei Hopkins 1915); Pityophthorus obliquus LeConte 1878 (=Ambrosiodmus klapperichi Bright 1985); Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood 1834 (=Bostrichus plumeriae Nördlinger 1856); Chramesus opacicollis Eggers 1940 (=C. robustus Schedl 1949); Bostrichus carphophagus Hornung 1842 (=Coccotrypes pubescens Schedl 1949); Hexacolus glaber Eichhoff 1868 (=Erineophilus schwarzi Hopkins 1902); H. notatus Eggers 1940 (=H. discedens Eggers 1940 and H. insularis Schedl 1952); H. pseudobicolor Eggers 1940 (=H. ovalis Eggers 1940 and H. longicollis Eggers 1951); Hylocurus quadriporus Blackman 1928 (=H. cuspidatus Eggers 1951); Stephanoderes interstitialis Hopkins 1915 (=Hypothenemus ceibae Hopkins 1915); Stephanoderes fuscicollis Eichhoff 1878 (=Hypothenemus comosus Bright 1972); Stephanoderes africanus Hopkins 1915 (=Hypothenemus concavifrons Bright and Torres 2006); Stephanoderes opacus Eichhoff 1868 (=Hypothenemus dolosus Wood 1974); Stephanoderes glabratulus Schedl 1957 (=Hypothenemus parvistriatus Wood 2007); Neopityophthorus laevis Schedl 1938 (=Pityophthorides pudens Blackman 1942 and Pityophthorus formosus Bright 1972); Pityophthorus subconcentralis Schedl 1938 (=P. hispaniolus Bright 1985); Stephanoderes javanus Eggers 1908 (=S. brunneus Hopkins 1915); Tricolus gracilis Eggers 1937 (=T. perdiligens Schedl 1950); Xyleborus pubescens Zimmermann 1868 (=X. intrusus Blandford 1898); Euwallacea caraibicus Eggers 1941 (=Xyleborus novagrenadensis Eggers 1941) and Xylocleptes carbonarius Ferrari 1867 (=Xylocleptes guatemalensis Hopkins 1915). New Combinations: (18): Coptoborus bellus Bright and Torres to Theoborus; Corthylus pisinnus Bright to Corthylocurus; Neopityophthorus laevis Schedl to Pityophthorus; Trischidias exiguua Wood to Hypothenemus; T. minutissima Wood to Hypothenemus; T. puertoricensis Bright and Torres to Hypothenemus; T. striata Atkinson to Hypothenemus; Xyleborus atlanticus Bright and Torres to Theoborus; X. beckeri Bright to Euwallacea; X. caraibicus Eggers to Euwallacea; X. elevatus Eggers to Euwallacea; X. howdenae Bright to Xyleborinus; X. jamaicensis Bright to Euwallacea; X. lepidus Bright to Cnestus; X. nuperus Bright to Ambrosiodmus and X. simulatus Bright to Euwallacea. Names Removed from Synonymy (7): Araptus guadeloupensis (Schedl), Phloeosinus neotropicus Schedl, Phloeotribus atlanticus Schedl, Scolytodes pseudobicolor (Eggers), Sphenoceros Schedl, Tryphanophellos Bright and Xyleborus jamaicensis Bright. Replacement Name (1): Hypothenemus woodi Bright replacement name for Hypothenemus minutissimus (Wood).